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Grid

The responsive layout grid adapts to screen size and orientation, ensuring consistency across layouts.

The Grid component works well for a layout with a known number of columns. The columns can be configured with multiple breakpoints to specify the column span of each child.

How it works

The grid system is implemented with the Grid component:

  • It uses CSS Flexbox (rather than CSS Grid) for high flexibility.
  • The grid is always a flex item. Use the container prop to add a flex container.
  • Item widths are set in percentages, so they're always fluid and sized relative to their parent element.
  • There are five default grid breakpoints: xs, sm, md, lg, and xl. If you need custom breakpoints, check out custom breakpoints grid.
  • You can give integer values for each breakpoint, to indicate how many of the 12 available columns are occupied by the component when the viewport width satisfies the breakpoint constraints.
  • It uses the gap CSS property to add spacing between items.
  • It does not support row spanning. Children elements cannot span multiple rows. We recommend using CSS Grid if you need this functionality.
  • It does not automatically place children. It will try to fit the children one by one, and if there is not enough space, the rest of the children will start on the next line, and so on. If you need auto-placement, we recommend using CSS Grid instead.

Fluid grids

Fluid grids use columns that scale and resize content. A fluid grid's layout can use breakpoints to determine if the layout needs to change dramatically.

Basic grid

In order to create a grid layout, you need a container. Use the container prop to create a grid container that wraps the grid items (the Grid is always an item).

Column widths are integer values between 1 and 12. For example, an item with size={6} occupies half of the grid container's width.

size=8
size=4
size=4
size=8
import { styled } from '@mui/material/styles';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';

const Item = styled(Paper)(({ theme }) => ({
  backgroundColor: '#fff',
  ...theme.typography.body2,
  padding: theme.spacing(1),
  textAlign: 'center',
  color: (theme.vars ?? theme).palette.text.secondary,
  ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
    backgroundColor: '#1A2027',
  }),
}));

export default function BasicGrid() {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ flexGrow: 1 }}>
      <Grid container spacing={2}>
        <Grid size={8}>
          <Item>size=8</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid size={4}>
          <Item>size=4</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid size={4}>
          <Item>size=4</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid size={8}>
          <Item>size=8</Item>
        </Grid>
      </Grid>
    </Box>
  );
}

Multiple breakpoints

Items may have multiple widths defined, causing the layout to change at the defined breakpoint. Width values apply to all wider breakpoints, and larger breakpoints override those given to smaller breakpoints.

For example, a component with size={{ xs: 12, sm: 6 }} occupies the entire viewport width when the viewport is less than 600 pixels wide. When the viewport grows beyond this size, the component occupies half of the total width—six columns rather than 12.

xs=6 md=8
xs=6 md=4
xs=6 md=4
xs=6 md=8
import { styled } from '@mui/material/styles';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';

const Item = styled(Paper)(({ theme }) => ({
  backgroundColor: '#fff',
  ...theme.typography.body2,
  padding: theme.spacing(1),
  textAlign: 'center',
  color: (theme.vars ?? theme).palette.text.secondary,
  ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
    backgroundColor: '#1A2027',
  }),
}));

export default function FullWidthGrid() {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ flexGrow: 1 }}>
      <Grid container spacing={2}>
        <Grid size={{ xs: 6, md: 8 }}>
          <Item>xs=6 md=8</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid size={{ xs: 6, md: 4 }}>
          <Item>xs=6 md=4</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid size={{ xs: 6, md: 4 }}>
          <Item>xs=6 md=4</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid size={{ xs: 6, md: 8 }}>
          <Item>xs=6 md=8</Item>
        </Grid>
      </Grid>
    </Box>
  );
}

Spacing

Use the spacing prop to control the space between children. The spacing value can be any positive number (including decimals) or a string. The prop is converted into a CSS property using the theme.spacing() helper.

The following demo illustrates the use of the spacing prop:

spacing
<Grid container spacing={2}>
import * as React from 'react';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';
import FormLabel from '@mui/material/FormLabel';
import FormControl from '@mui/material/FormControl';
import FormControlLabel from '@mui/material/FormControlLabel';
import RadioGroup from '@mui/material/RadioGroup';
import Radio from '@mui/material/Radio';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
import { HighlightedCode } from '@mui/internal-core-docs/HighlightedCode';

export default function SpacingGrid() {
  const [spacing, setSpacing] = React.useState(2);

  const handleChange = (event: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
    setSpacing(Number((event.target as HTMLInputElement).value));
  };

  const jsx = `
<Grid container spacing={${spacing}}>
`;

  return (
    <Box
      sx={{
        flexGrow: 1,
        display: 'flex',
        flexDirection: 'column',
        gap: 2,
        pt: 2,
        '&& pre': { margin: 0 },
      }}
    >
      <Grid container sx={{ justifyContent: 'center' }} spacing={spacing}>
        {[0, 1, 2].map((value) => (
          <Grid key={value}>
            <Paper
              sx={(theme) => ({
                height: 140,
                width: 100,
                backgroundColor: '#fff',
                ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
                  backgroundColor: '#1A2027',
                }),
              })}
            />
          </Grid>
        ))}
      </Grid>
      <Paper sx={{ p: 2 }}>
        <FormControl component="fieldset">
          <FormLabel component="legend">spacing</FormLabel>
          <RadioGroup
            name="spacing"
            aria-label="spacing"
            value={spacing.toString()}
            onChange={handleChange}
            row
          >
            {[0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12].map((value) => (
              <FormControlLabel
                key={value}
                value={value.toString()}
                control={<Radio />}
                label={value.toString()}
              />
            ))}
          </RadioGroup>
        </FormControl>
      </Paper>
      <HighlightedCode code={jsx} language="jsx" />
    </Box>
  );
}

Row and column spacing

The rowSpacing and columnSpacing props let you specify row and column gaps independently of one another. They behave similarly to the row-gap and column-gap properties of CSS Grid.

1
2
3
4
import { styled } from '@mui/material/styles';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';

const Item = styled(Paper)(({ theme }) => ({
  backgroundColor: '#fff',
  ...theme.typography.body2,
  padding: theme.spacing(1),
  textAlign: 'center',
  color: (theme.vars ?? theme).palette.text.secondary,
  ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
    backgroundColor: '#1A2027',
  }),
}));

export default function RowAndColumnSpacing() {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ width: '100%' }}>
      <Grid container rowSpacing={1} columnSpacing={{ xs: 1, sm: 2, md: 3 }}>
        <Grid size={6}>
          <Item>1</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid size={6}>
          <Item>2</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid size={6}>
          <Item>3</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid size={6}>
          <Item>4</Item>
        </Grid>
      </Grid>
    </Box>
  );
}

Responsive values

You can set prop values to change when a given breakpoint is active. For instance, we can implement Material Design's recommended responsive layout grid, as seen in the following demo:

1
2
3
4
5
6
import { styled } from '@mui/material/styles';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';

const Item = styled(Paper)(({ theme }) => ({
  backgroundColor: '#fff',
  ...theme.typography.body2,
  padding: theme.spacing(2),
  textAlign: 'center',
  color: (theme.vars ?? theme).palette.text.secondary,
  ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
    backgroundColor: '#1A2027',
  }),
}));

export default function ResponsiveGrid() {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ flexGrow: 1 }}>
      <Grid container spacing={{ xs: 2, md: 3 }} columns={{ xs: 4, sm: 8, md: 12 }}>
        {Array.from(Array(6)).map((_, index) => (
          <Grid key={index} size={{ xs: 2, sm: 4, md: 4 }}>
            <Item>{index + 1}</Item>
          </Grid>
        ))}
      </Grid>
    </Box>
  );
}

Responsive values are supported by:

  • size
  • columns
  • columnSpacing
  • direction
  • rowSpacing
  • spacing
  • offset

Interactive

Below is an interactive demo that lets you explore the visual results of the different settings:

Cell 1
Cell 2
Cell 3
direction
justifyContent
alignItems
<Grid
  container
  direction="row"
  sx={{
    justifyContent: "center",
    alignItems: "center",
  }}
>
import * as React from 'react';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';
import type { GridDirection } from '@mui/material/Grid';
import FormControl from '@mui/material/FormControl';
import FormLabel from '@mui/material/FormLabel';
import FormControlLabel from '@mui/material/FormControlLabel';
import RadioGroup from '@mui/material/RadioGroup';
import Radio from '@mui/material/Radio';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
import { HighlightedCode } from '@mui/internal-core-docs/HighlightedCode';

type GridItemsAlignment =
  | 'flex-start'
  | 'center'
  | 'flex-end'
  | 'stretch'
  | 'baseline';

type GridJustification =
  | 'flex-start'
  | 'center'
  | 'flex-end'
  | 'space-between'
  | 'space-around'
  | 'space-evenly';

export default function InteractiveGrid() {
  const [direction, setDirection] = React.useState<GridDirection>('row');
  const [justifyContent, setJustifyContent] =
    React.useState<GridJustification>('center');
  const [alignItems, setAlignItems] = React.useState<GridItemsAlignment>('center');

  const jsx = `
<Grid
  container
  direction="${direction}"
  sx={{
    justifyContent: "${justifyContent}",
    alignItems: "${alignItems}",
  }}
>
`;

  return (
    <Grid sx={{ flexGrow: 1 }} container>
      <Grid size={12}>
        <Grid
          container
          spacing={2}
          direction={direction}
          sx={{ alignItems, justifyContent, height: 300, pb: 2 }}
        >
          {[0, 1, 2].map((value) => (
            <Grid key={value}>
              <Paper
                sx={(theme) => ({
                  p: 2,
                  backgroundColor: '#fff',
                  height: '100%',
                  color: 'text.secondary',
                  pt: `${(value + 1) * 10}px`,
                  pb: `${(value + 1) * 10}px`,
                  ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
                    backgroundColor: '#1A2027',
                  }),
                })}
              >
                {`Cell ${value + 1}`}
              </Paper>
            </Grid>
          ))}
        </Grid>
      </Grid>
      <Grid size={12}>
        <Paper sx={{ p: 2 }}>
          <Grid container spacing={3}>
            <Grid size={12}>
              <FormControl component="fieldset">
                <FormLabel component="legend">direction</FormLabel>
                <RadioGroup
                  row
                  name="direction"
                  aria-label="direction"
                  value={direction}
                  onChange={(event) => {
                    setDirection(
                      (event.target as HTMLInputElement).value as GridDirection,
                    );
                  }}
                >
                  <FormControlLabel value="row" control={<Radio />} label="row" />
                  <FormControlLabel
                    value="row-reverse"
                    control={<Radio />}
                    label="row-reverse"
                  />
                </RadioGroup>
              </FormControl>
            </Grid>
            <Grid size={12}>
              <FormControl component="fieldset">
                <FormLabel component="legend">justifyContent</FormLabel>
                <RadioGroup
                  row
                  name="justifyContent"
                  aria-label="justifyContent"
                  value={justifyContent}
                  onChange={(event) => {
                    setJustifyContent(
                      (event.target as HTMLInputElement).value as GridJustification,
                    );
                  }}
                >
                  <FormControlLabel
                    value="flex-start"
                    control={<Radio />}
                    label="flex-start"
                  />
                  <FormControlLabel
                    value="center"
                    control={<Radio />}
                    label="center"
                  />
                  <FormControlLabel
                    value="flex-end"
                    control={<Radio />}
                    label="flex-end"
                  />
                  <FormControlLabel
                    value="space-between"
                    control={<Radio />}
                    label="space-between"
                  />
                  <FormControlLabel
                    value="space-around"
                    control={<Radio />}
                    label="space-around"
                  />
                  <FormControlLabel
                    value="space-evenly"
                    control={<Radio />}
                    label="space-evenly"
                  />
                </RadioGroup>
              </FormControl>
            </Grid>
            <Grid size={12}>
              <FormControl component="fieldset">
                <FormLabel component="legend">alignItems</FormLabel>
                <RadioGroup
                  row
                  name="alignItems"
                  aria-label="align items"
                  value={alignItems}
                  onChange={(event) => {
                    setAlignItems(
                      (event.target as HTMLInputElement).value as GridItemsAlignment,
                    );
                  }}
                >
                  <FormControlLabel
                    value="flex-start"
                    control={<Radio />}
                    label="flex-start"
                  />
                  <FormControlLabel
                    value="center"
                    control={<Radio />}
                    label="center"
                  />
                  <FormControlLabel
                    value="flex-end"
                    control={<Radio />}
                    label="flex-end"
                  />
                  <FormControlLabel
                    value="stretch"
                    control={<Radio />}
                    label="stretch"
                  />
                  <FormControlLabel
                    value="baseline"
                    control={<Radio />}
                    label="baseline"
                  />
                </RadioGroup>
              </FormControl>
            </Grid>
          </Grid>
        </Paper>
      </Grid>
      <Grid size={12}>
        <HighlightedCode code={jsx} language="jsx" />
      </Grid>
    </Grid>
  );
}

Auto-layout

The auto-layout feature gives equal space to all items present. When you set the width of one item, the others will automatically resize to match it.

size=grow
size=6
size=grow
import { styled } from '@mui/material/styles';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';

const Item = styled(Paper)(({ theme }) => ({
  backgroundColor: '#fff',
  ...theme.typography.body2,
  padding: theme.spacing(1),
  textAlign: 'center',
  color: (theme.vars ?? theme).palette.text.secondary,
  ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
    backgroundColor: '#1A2027',
  }),
}));

export default function AutoGrid() {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ flexGrow: 1 }}>
      <Grid container spacing={3}>
        <Grid size="grow">
          <Item>size=grow</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid size={6}>
          <Item>size=6</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid size="grow">
          <Item>size=grow</Item>
        </Grid>
      </Grid>
    </Box>
  );
}

Variable width content

When a breakpoint's value is given as "auto", then a column's size will automatically adjust to match the width of its content. The demo below shows how this works:

size=auto
size=6
size=grow
import { styled } from '@mui/material/styles';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';

const Item = styled(Paper)(({ theme }) => ({
  backgroundColor: '#fff',
  ...theme.typography.body2,
  padding: theme.spacing(1),
  textAlign: 'center',
  color: (theme.vars ?? theme).palette.text.secondary,
  ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
    backgroundColor: '#1A2027',
  }),
}));

export default function VariableWidthGrid() {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ flexGrow: 1 }}>
      <Grid container spacing={3}>
        <Grid size="auto">
          <Item>size=auto</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid size={6}>
          <Item>size=6</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid size="grow">
          <Item>size=grow</Item>
        </Grid>
      </Grid>
    </Box>
  );
}

Nested grid

The grid container that renders as a direct child inside another grid container is a nested grid that inherits its columns and spacing from the top level. It will also inherit the props of the top-level grid if it receives those props.

Inheriting spacing

A nested grid container inherits the row and column spacing from its parent unless the spacing prop is specified to the instance.

Email subscribe section
Category A
  • Link 1.1
  • Link 1.2
  • Link 1.3
Category B
  • Link 2.1
  • Link 2.2
  • Link 2.3
Category C
  • Link 3.1
  • Link 3.2
  • Link 3.3
Category D
  • Link 4.1
  • Link 4.2
  • Link 4.3
© Copyright
Link A
Link B
Link C
import { styled } from '@mui/material/styles';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';

const Item = styled(Paper)(({ theme }) => ({
  backgroundColor: '#fff',
  ...theme.typography.body2,
  padding: theme.spacing(1),
  textAlign: 'center',
  color: (theme.vars ?? theme).palette.text.secondary,
  ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
    backgroundColor: '#1A2027',
  }),
}));

export default function NestedGrid() {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ flexGrow: 1 }}>
      <Grid container spacing={2}>
        <Grid size={{ xs: 12, md: 5, lg: 4 }}>
          <Item>Email subscribe section</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid container spacing={4} size={{ xs: 12, md: 7, lg: 8 }}>
          <Grid size={{ xs: 6, lg: 3 }}>
            <Item>
              <Box
                id="category-a"
                sx={{ fontSize: '12px', textTransform: 'uppercase' }}
              >
                Category A
              </Box>
              <Box component="ul" aria-labelledby="category-a" sx={{ pl: 2 }}>
                <li>Link 1.1</li>
                <li>Link 1.2</li>
                <li>Link 1.3</li>
              </Box>
            </Item>
          </Grid>
          <Grid size={{ xs: 6, lg: 3 }}>
            <Item>
              <Box
                id="category-b"
                sx={{ fontSize: '12px', textTransform: 'uppercase' }}
              >
                Category B
              </Box>
              <Box component="ul" aria-labelledby="category-b" sx={{ pl: 2 }}>
                <li>Link 2.1</li>
                <li>Link 2.2</li>
                <li>Link 2.3</li>
              </Box>
            </Item>
          </Grid>
          <Grid size={{ xs: 6, lg: 3 }}>
            <Item>
              <Box
                id="category-c"
                sx={{ fontSize: '12px', textTransform: 'uppercase' }}
              >
                Category C
              </Box>
              <Box component="ul" aria-labelledby="category-c" sx={{ pl: 2 }}>
                <li>Link 3.1</li>
                <li>Link 3.2</li>
                <li>Link 3.3</li>
              </Box>
            </Item>
          </Grid>
          <Grid size={{ xs: 6, lg: 3 }}>
            <Item>
              <Box
                id="category-d"
                sx={{ fontSize: '12px', textTransform: 'uppercase' }}
              >
                Category D
              </Box>
              <Box component="ul" aria-labelledby="category-d" sx={{ pl: 2 }}>
                <li>Link 4.1</li>
                <li>Link 4.2</li>
                <li>Link 4.3</li>
              </Box>
            </Item>
          </Grid>
        </Grid>
        <Grid
          container
          sx={{
            justifyContent: 'space-between',
            alignItems: 'center',
            flexDirection: { xs: 'column', sm: 'row' },
            fontSize: '12px',
          }}
          size={12}
        >
          <Grid sx={{ order: { xs: 2, sm: 1 } }}>
            <Item>© Copyright</Item>
          </Grid>
          <Grid container columnSpacing={1} sx={{ order: { xs: 1, sm: 2 } }}>
            <Grid>
              <Item>Link A</Item>
            </Grid>
            <Grid>
              <Item>Link B</Item>
            </Grid>
            <Grid>
              <Item>Link C</Item>
            </Grid>
          </Grid>
        </Grid>
      </Grid>
    </Box>
  );
}

Inheriting columns

A nested grid container inherits the columns from its parent unless the columns prop is specified to the instance.

size=8/24
nested size=12/24
nested size=12/24
size=8/24
nested size=6/12
nested size=6/12
import { styled } from '@mui/material/styles';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';

const Item = styled(Paper)(({ theme }) => ({
  backgroundColor: '#fff',
  ...theme.typography.body2,
  padding: theme.spacing(1),
  textAlign: 'center',
  color: (theme.vars ?? theme).palette.text.secondary,
  ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
    backgroundColor: '#1A2027',
  }),
}));

export default function NestedGridColumns() {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ flexGrow: 1 }}>
      <Grid container spacing={2} columns={24}>
        <Grid size={8}>
          <Item>size=8/24</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid container size={16}>
          <Grid size={12}>
            <Item>nested size=12/24</Item>
          </Grid>
          <Grid size={12}>
            <Item>nested size=12/24</Item>
          </Grid>
        </Grid>
        <Grid size={8}>
          <Item>size=8/24</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid container columns={12} size={16}>
          <Grid size={6}>
            <Item>nested size=6/12</Item>
          </Grid>
          <Grid size={6}>
            <Item>nested size=6/12</Item>
          </Grid>
        </Grid>
      </Grid>
    </Box>
  );
}

Columns

Use the columns prop to change the default number of columns (12) in the grid, as shown below:

size=8
size=8
import { styled } from '@mui/material/styles';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';

const Item = styled(Paper)(({ theme }) => ({
  backgroundColor: '#fff',
  ...theme.typography.body2,
  padding: theme.spacing(1),
  textAlign: 'center',
  color: (theme.vars ?? theme).palette.text.secondary,
  ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
    backgroundColor: '#1A2027',
  }),
}));

export default function ColumnsGrid() {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ flexGrow: 1 }}>
      <Grid container spacing={2} columns={16}>
        <Grid size={8}>
          <Item>size=8</Item>
        </Grid>
        <Grid size={8}>
          <Item>size=8</Item>
        </Grid>
      </Grid>
    </Box>
  );
}

Offset

The offset prop pushes an item to the right side of the grid. This props accepts:

  • numbers—for example, offset={{ md: 2 }} pushes an item two columns to the right when the viewport size is equal to or greater than the md breakpoint.
  • "auto"—this pushes the item to the far right side of the grid container.

The demo below illustrates how to use the offset props:

1
2
3
4
import { styled } from '@mui/material/styles';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';

const Item = styled(Paper)(({ theme }) => ({
  backgroundColor: '#fff',
  ...theme.typography.body2,
  padding: theme.spacing(1),
  textAlign: 'center',
  color: (theme.vars ?? theme).palette.text.secondary,
  ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
    backgroundColor: '#1A2027',
  }),
}));

export default function OffsetGrid() {
  return (
    <Grid container spacing={3} sx={{ flexGrow: 1 }}>
      <Grid size={{ xs: 6, md: 2 }} offset={{ xs: 3, md: 0 }}>
        <Item>1</Item>
      </Grid>
      <Grid size={{ xs: 4, md: 2 }} offset={{ md: 'auto' }}>
        <Item>2</Item>
      </Grid>
      <Grid size={{ xs: 4, md: 2 }} offset={{ xs: 4, md: 0 }}>
        <Item>3</Item>
      </Grid>
      <Grid size={{ xs: 'grow', md: 6 }} offset={{ md: 2 }}>
        <Item>4</Item>
      </Grid>
    </Grid>
  );
}

Custom breakpoints

If you specify custom breakpoints in the theme, you can use those names as grid item props in responsive values:

import { ThemeProvider, createTheme } from '@mui/material/styles';

function Demo() {
  return (
    <ThemeProvider
      theme={createTheme({
        breakpoints: {
          values: {
            laptop: 1024,
            tablet: 640,
            mobile: 0,
            desktop: 1280,
          },
        },
      })}
    >
      <Grid container spacing={{ mobile: 1, tablet: 2, laptop: 3 }}>
        {Array.from(Array(4)).map((_, index) => (
          <Grid key={index} size={{ mobile: 6, tablet: 4, laptop: 3 }}>
            <div>{index + 1}</div>
          </Grid>
        ))}
      </Grid>
    </ThemeProvider>
  );
}

TypeScript

You have to set module augmentation on the theme breakpoints interface.

declare module '@mui/system' {
  interface BreakpointOverrides {
    // Your custom breakpoints
    laptop: true;
    tablet: true;
    mobile: true;
    desktop: true;
    // Remove default breakpoints
    xs: false;
    sm: false;
    md: false;
    lg: false;
    xl: false;
  }
}

Customization

Centered elements

To center a grid item's content, specify display="flex" directly on the item. Then use justifyContent and/or alignItems to adjust the position of the content, as shown below:

import Avatar from '@mui/material/Avatar';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';

export default function CenteredElementGrid() {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ flexGrow: 1 }}>
      <Grid container spacing={2} sx={{ minHeight: 160 }}>
        <Grid
          sx={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center', alignItems: 'center' }}
          size="grow"
        >
          <Avatar src="/static/images/avatar/1.jpg" />
        </Grid>
        <Grid
          sx={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center', alignItems: 'center' }}
        >
          <Avatar src="/static/images/avatar/2.jpg" />
        </Grid>
        <Grid
          sx={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center', alignItems: 'center' }}
          size="grow"
        >
          <Avatar src="/static/images/avatar/3.jpg" />
        </Grid>
      </Grid>
    </Box>
  );
}

Full border

import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';

export default function FullBorderedGrid() {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ flexGrow: 1, p: 2 }}>
      <Grid
        container
        sx={{
          '--Grid-borderWidth': '1px',
          borderTop: 'var(--Grid-borderWidth) solid',
          borderLeft: 'var(--Grid-borderWidth) solid',
          borderColor: 'divider',
          '& > div': {
            borderRight: 'var(--Grid-borderWidth) solid',
            borderBottom: 'var(--Grid-borderWidth) solid',
            borderColor: 'divider',
          },
        }}
      >
        {[...Array(6)].map((_, index) => (
          <Grid
            key={index}
            size={{
              xs: 12,
              sm: 6,
              md: 4,
              lg: 3,
            }}
            sx={{ minHeight: 160 }}
          />
        ))}
      </Grid>
    </Box>
  );
}

Half border

import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';

export default function HalfBorderedGrid() {
  const colWidth = { xs: 12, sm: 6, md: 4, lg: 3 } as const;
  return (
    <Box sx={{ flexGrow: 1, p: 2 }}>
      <Grid
        container
        sx={(theme) => ({
          '--Grid-borderWidth': '1px',
          borderTop: 'var(--Grid-borderWidth) solid',
          borderColor: 'divider',
          '& > div': {
            borderRight: 'var(--Grid-borderWidth) solid',
            borderBottom: 'var(--Grid-borderWidth) solid',
            borderColor: 'divider',
            ...(Object.keys(colWidth) as Array<keyof typeof colWidth>).reduce(
              (result, key) => ({
                ...result,
                [`&:nth-of-type(${12 / colWidth[key]}n)`]: {
                  [theme.breakpoints.only(key)]: {
                    borderRight: 'none',
                  },
                },
              }),
              {},
            ),
          },
        })}
      >
        {[...Array(6)].map((_, index) => (
          <Grid key={index} size={colWidth} sx={{ minHeight: 160 }} />
        ))}
      </Grid>
    </Box>
  );
}

Limitations

Column direction

Using direction="column" or direction="column-reverse" is not supported. The Grid component is specifically designed to subdivide a layout into columns, not rows. You should not use the Grid component on its own to stack layout elements vertically. Instead, you should use the Stack component inside of a Grid to create vertical layouts as shown below:

Column 1 - Row 1
Column 1 - Row 2
Column 1 - Row 3
Column 2
import { styled } from '@mui/material/styles';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';
import Stack from '@mui/material/Stack';

const Item = styled(Paper)(({ theme }) => ({
  backgroundColor: '#fff',
  ...theme.typography.body2,
  padding: theme.spacing(1),
  textAlign: 'center',
  color: (theme.vars ?? theme).palette.text.secondary,
  ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
    backgroundColor: '#1A2027',
  }),
}));

export default function ColumnLayoutInsideGrid() {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ flexGrow: 1 }}>
      <Grid container spacing={2}>
        <Grid size={4}>
          <Stack spacing={2}>
            <Item>Column 1 - Row 1</Item>
            <Item>Column 1 - Row 2</Item>
            <Item>Column 1 - Row 3</Item>
          </Stack>
        </Grid>
        <Grid size={8}>
          <Item sx={{ height: '100%', boxSizing: 'border-box' }}>Column 2</Item>
        </Grid>
      </Grid>
    </Box>
  );
}

API

See the documentation below for a complete reference to all of the props and classes available to the components mentioned here.