Popper
A Popper can be used to display some content on top of another. It's an alternative to react-popper.
Some important features of the Popper component:
- 🕷 Popper relies on the 3rd party library (Popper.js) for perfect positioning.
- 💄 It's an alternative API to react-popper. It aims for simplicity.
- Its child element is a Portal on the body of the document to avoid rendering problems.
You can disable this behavior with
disablePortal. - The scroll isn't blocked like with the Popover component. The placement of the popper updates with the available area in the viewport.
- Clicking away does not hide the Popper component. If you need this behavior, you can use the Click-Away Listener - see the example in the menu documentation section.
- The
anchorElis passed as the reference object to create a newPopper.jsinstance.
import * as React from 'react';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Popper from '@mui/material/Popper';
export default function SimplePopper() {
const [anchorEl, setAnchorEl] = React.useState<null | HTMLElement>(null);
const handleClick = (event: React.MouseEvent<HTMLElement>) => {
setAnchorEl(anchorEl ? null : event.currentTarget);
};
const open = Boolean(anchorEl);
const id = open ? 'simple-popper' : undefined;
return (
<div>
<button aria-describedby={id} type="button" onClick={handleClick}>
Toggle Popper
</button>
<Popper id={id} open={open} anchorEl={anchorEl}>
<Box sx={{ border: 1, p: 1, bgcolor: 'background.paper' }}>
The content of the Popper.
</Box>
</Popper>
</div>
);
}
Transitions
The open/close state of the popper can be animated with a render prop child and a transition component. This component should respect the following conditions:
- Be a direct child descendent of the popper.
- Call the
onEntercallback prop when the enter transition starts. - Call the
onExitedcallback prop when the exit transition is completed. These two callbacks allow the popper to unmount the child content when closed and fully transitioned.
Popper has built-in support for react-transition-group.
import * as React from 'react';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Popper from '@mui/material/Popper';
import Fade from '@mui/material/Fade';
export default function TransitionsPopper() {
const [open, setOpen] = React.useState(false);
const [anchorEl, setAnchorEl] = React.useState<null | HTMLElement>(null);
const handleClick = (event: React.MouseEvent<HTMLElement>) => {
setAnchorEl(event.currentTarget);
setOpen((previousOpen) => !previousOpen);
};
const canBeOpen = open && Boolean(anchorEl);
const id = canBeOpen ? 'transition-popper' : undefined;
return (
<div>
<button aria-describedby={id} type="button" onClick={handleClick}>
Toggle Popper
</button>
<Popper id={id} open={open} anchorEl={anchorEl} transition>
{({ TransitionProps }) => (
<Fade {...TransitionProps} timeout={350}>
<Box sx={{ border: 1, p: 1, bgcolor: 'background.paper' }}>
The content of the Popper.
</Box>
</Fade>
)}
</Popper>
</div>
);
}
Alternatively, you can use react-spring.
import * as React from 'react';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Popper from '@mui/material/Popper';
import { useSpring, animated } from '@react-spring/web';
interface FadeProps {
children?: React.ReactElement<unknown>;
in?: boolean;
onEnter?: () => void;
onExited?: () => void;
}
const Fade = React.forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, FadeProps>(function Fade(props, ref) {
const { in: open, children, onEnter, onExited, ...other } = props;
const style = useSpring({
from: { opacity: 0 },
to: { opacity: open ? 1 : 0 },
onStart: () => {
if (open && onEnter) {
onEnter();
}
},
onRest: () => {
if (!open && onExited) {
onExited();
}
},
});
return (
<animated.div ref={ref} style={style} {...other}>
{children}
</animated.div>
);
});
export default function SpringPopper() {
const [open, setOpen] = React.useState(false);
const [anchorEl, setAnchorEl] = React.useState<null | HTMLElement>(null);
const handleClick = (event: React.MouseEvent<HTMLElement>) => {
setAnchorEl(event.currentTarget);
setOpen((previousOpen) => !previousOpen);
};
const canBeOpen = open && Boolean(anchorEl);
const id = canBeOpen ? 'spring-popper' : undefined;
return (
<div>
<button aria-describedby={id} type="button" onClick={handleClick}>
Toggle Popper
</button>
<Popper id={id} open={open} anchorEl={anchorEl} transition>
{({ TransitionProps }) => (
<Fade {...TransitionProps}>
<Box sx={{ border: 1, p: 1, bgcolor: 'background.paper' }}>
The content of the Popper.
</Box>
</Fade>
)}
</Popper>
</div>
);
}
import * as React from 'react';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Popper from '@mui/material/Popper';
import type { PopperPlacementType } from '@mui/material/Popper';
import Typography from '@mui/material/Typography';
import Stack from '@mui/material/Stack';
import Button from '@mui/material/Button';
import Fade from '@mui/material/Fade';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
export default function PositionedPopper() {
const [anchorEl, setAnchorEl] = React.useState<HTMLButtonElement | null>(null);
const [open, setOpen] = React.useState(false);
const [placement, setPlacement] = React.useState<PopperPlacementType>();
const handleClick =
(newPlacement: PopperPlacementType) =>
(event: React.MouseEvent<HTMLButtonElement>) => {
setAnchorEl(event.currentTarget);
setOpen((prev) => placement !== newPlacement || !prev);
setPlacement(newPlacement);
};
return (
<Box sx={{ width: 500 }}>
<Popper
// Note: The following zIndex style is specifically for documentation purposes and may not be necessary in your application.
sx={{ zIndex: 1200 }}
open={open}
anchorEl={anchorEl}
placement={placement}
transition
>
{({ TransitionProps }) => (
<Fade {...TransitionProps} timeout={350}>
<Paper>
<Typography sx={{ p: 2 }}>The content of the Popper.</Typography>
</Paper>
</Fade>
)}
</Popper>
<Stack direction="row" sx={{ justifyContent: 'center' }}>
<Button onClick={handleClick('top-start')}>top-start</Button>
<Button onClick={handleClick('top')}>top</Button>
<Button onClick={handleClick('top-end')}>top-end</Button>
</Stack>
<Box sx={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'space-between' }}>
<Stack direction="column" sx={{ alignItems: 'flex-start' }}>
<Button onClick={handleClick('left-start')}>left-start</Button>
<Button onClick={handleClick('left')}>left</Button>
<Button onClick={handleClick('left-end')}>left-end</Button>
</Stack>
<Stack direction="column" sx={{ alignItems: 'flex-end' }}>
<Button onClick={handleClick('right-start')}>right-start</Button>
<Button onClick={handleClick('right')}>right</Button>
<Button onClick={handleClick('right-end')}>right-end</Button>
</Stack>
</Box>
<Stack direction="row" sx={{ justifyContent: 'center' }}>
<Button onClick={handleClick('bottom-start')}>bottom-start</Button>
<Button onClick={handleClick('bottom')}>bottom</Button>
<Button onClick={handleClick('bottom-end')}>bottom-end</Button>
</Stack>
</Box>
);
}
Scroll around this container to experiment with flip and preventOverflow modifiers.
Prevent Overflow
Flip
Arrow
<Popper
placement="bottom"
disablePortal={false}
modifiers={[
{
name: 'flip',
enabled: true,
options: {
altBoundary: true,
rootBoundary: 'document',
padding: 8,
},
},
{
name: 'preventOverflow',
enabled: true,
options: {
altAxis: true,
altBoundary: true,
tether: true,
rootBoundary: 'document',
padding: 8,
},
},
{
name: 'arrow',
enabled: false,
options: {
element: arrowRef,
},
},
]}
>import * as React from 'react';
import { styled } from '@mui/material/styles';
import FormControlLabel from '@mui/material/FormControlLabel';
import Grid from '@mui/material/Grid';
import Typography from '@mui/material/Typography';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Button from '@mui/material/Button';
import MuiPopper from '@mui/material/Popper';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
import DialogActions from '@mui/material/DialogActions';
import DialogContent from '@mui/material/DialogContent';
import DialogContentText from '@mui/material/DialogContentText';
import DialogTitle from '@mui/material/DialogTitle';
import Switch from '@mui/material/Switch';
import TextField from '@mui/material/TextField';
import FormGroup from '@mui/material/FormGroup';
import { HighlightedCode } from '@mui/internal-core-docs/HighlightedCode';
const Popper = styled(MuiPopper, {
shouldForwardProp: (prop) => prop !== 'arrow',
})(({ theme }) => ({
zIndex: 1,
'& > div': {
position: 'relative',
},
'&[data-popper-placement*="bottom"]': {
'& .MuiPopper-arrow': {
top: 0,
left: 0,
marginTop: '-0.9em',
width: '3em',
height: '1em',
'&::before': {
borderWidth: '0 1em 1em 1em',
borderColor: `transparent transparent ${theme.palette.background.paper} transparent`,
},
},
},
'&[data-popper-placement*="top"]': {
'& .MuiPopper-arrow': {
bottom: 0,
left: 0,
marginBottom: '-0.9em',
width: '3em',
height: '1em',
'&::before': {
borderWidth: '1em 1em 0 1em',
borderColor: `${theme.palette.background.paper} transparent transparent transparent`,
},
},
},
'&[data-popper-placement*="right"]': {
'& .MuiPopper-arrow': {
left: 0,
marginLeft: '-0.9em',
height: '3em',
width: '1em',
'&::before': {
borderWidth: '1em 1em 1em 0',
borderColor: `transparent ${theme.palette.background.paper} transparent transparent`,
},
},
},
'&[data-popper-placement*="left"]': {
'& .MuiPopper-arrow': {
right: 0,
marginRight: '-0.9em',
height: '3em',
width: '1em',
'&::before': {
borderWidth: '1em 0 1em 1em',
borderColor: `transparent transparent transparent ${theme.palette.background.paper}`,
},
},
},
variants: [
{
props: ({ arrow }) => arrow,
style: {
'&[data-popper-placement*="bottom"]': {
'& > div': {
marginTop: 2,
},
},
},
},
{
props: ({ arrow }) => !arrow,
style: {
'&[data-popper-placement*="bottom"]': {
'& > div': {
marginTop: 0,
},
},
},
},
{
props: ({ arrow }) => arrow,
style: {
'&[data-popper-placement*="top"]': {
'& > div': {
marginBottom: 2,
},
},
},
},
{
props: ({ arrow }) => !arrow,
style: {
'&[data-popper-placement*="top"]': {
'& > div': {
marginBottom: 0,
},
},
},
},
{
props: ({ arrow }) => arrow,
style: {
'&[data-popper-placement*="right"]': {
'& > div': {
marginLeft: 2,
},
},
},
},
{
props: ({ arrow }) => !arrow,
style: {
'&[data-popper-placement*="right"]': {
'& > div': {
marginLeft: 0,
},
},
},
},
{
props: ({ arrow }) => arrow,
style: {
'&[data-popper-placement*="left"]': {
'& > div': {
marginRight: 2,
},
},
},
},
{
props: ({ arrow }) => !arrow,
style: {
'&[data-popper-placement*="left"]': {
'& > div': {
marginRight: 0,
},
},
},
},
],
}));
const Arrow = styled('div')({
position: 'absolute',
fontSize: 7,
width: '3em',
height: '3em',
'&::before': {
content: '""',
margin: 'auto',
display: 'block',
width: 0,
height: 0,
borderStyle: 'solid',
},
});
export default function ScrollPlayground() {
const anchorRef = React.useRef(null);
const [open, setOpen] = React.useState(false);
const [placement, setPlacement] = React.useState('bottom');
const [disablePortal, setDisablePortal] = React.useState(false);
const [flip, setFlip] = React.useState({
enabled: true,
altBoundary: true,
rootBoundary: 'document',
});
const [preventOverflow, setPreventOverflow] = React.useState({
enabled: true,
altAxis: true,
altBoundary: true,
tether: true,
rootBoundary: 'document',
});
const [arrow, setArrow] = React.useState(false);
const [arrowRef, setArrowRef] = React.useState(null);
const handleClickButton = () => {
setOpen((prevOpen) => !prevOpen);
};
const centerScroll = (element) => {
if (!element) {
return;
}
const container = element.parentElement;
container.scrollTop = element.clientHeight / 4;
container.scrollLeft = element.clientWidth / 4;
};
const jsx = `
<Popper
placement="${placement}"
disablePortal={${disablePortal}}
modifiers={[
{
name: 'flip',
enabled: ${flip.enabled},
options: {
altBoundary: ${flip.altBoundary},
rootBoundary: '${flip.rootBoundary}',
padding: 8,
},
},
{
name: 'preventOverflow',
enabled: ${preventOverflow.enabled},
options: {
altAxis: ${preventOverflow.altAxis},
altBoundary: ${preventOverflow.altBoundary},
tether: ${preventOverflow.tether},
rootBoundary: '${preventOverflow.rootBoundary}',
padding: 8,
},
},
{
name: 'arrow',
enabled: ${arrow},
options: {
element: arrowRef,
},
},
]}
>
`;
const id = open ? 'scroll-playground' : null;
return (
<Box sx={{ flexGrow: 1 }}>
<Box sx={{ height: 400, overflow: 'auto', mb: 3 }}>
<Grid
container
ref={centerScroll}
sx={{
alignItems: 'center',
justifyContent: 'center',
position: 'relative',
width: '230%',
bgcolor: 'background.paper',
height: '230%',
}}
>
<div>
<Button
ref={anchorRef}
variant="contained"
onClick={handleClickButton}
aria-describedby={id}
>
Toggle Popper
</Button>
<Typography sx={{ mt: 2, maxWidth: 300 }}>
Scroll around this container to experiment with flip and
preventOverflow modifiers.
</Typography>
<Popper
id={id}
open={open}
arrow={arrow}
anchorEl={anchorRef.current}
placement={placement}
disablePortal={disablePortal}
modifiers={[
{
name: 'flip',
enabled: flip.enabled,
options: {
altBoundary: flip.altBoundary,
rootBoundary: flip.rootBoundary,
padding: 8,
},
},
{
name: 'preventOverflow',
enabled: preventOverflow.enabled,
options: {
altAxis: preventOverflow.altAxis,
altBoundary: preventOverflow.altBoundary,
tether: preventOverflow.tether,
rootBoundary: preventOverflow.rootBoundary,
padding: 8,
},
},
{
name: 'arrow',
enabled: arrow,
options: {
element: arrowRef,
},
},
]}
>
<div>
{arrow ? (
<Arrow ref={setArrowRef} className="MuiPopper-arrow" />
) : null}
<Paper sx={{ maxWidth: 400, overflow: 'auto' }}>
<DialogTitle>{"Use Google's location service?"}</DialogTitle>
<DialogContent>
<DialogContentText>
Let Google help apps determine location.
</DialogContentText>
</DialogContent>
<DialogActions>
<Button onClick={handleClickButton}>Disagree</Button>
<Button onClick={handleClickButton}>Agree</Button>
</DialogActions>
</Paper>
</div>
</Popper>
</div>
</Grid>
</Box>
<Grid container spacing={2}>
<Grid container size={12}>
<Grid size={12}>
<Typography variant="h6" component="div">
Appearance
</Typography>
</Grid>
<Grid size={6}>
<TextField
margin="dense"
sx={{ width: 200 }}
label="Placement"
select
value={placement}
onChange={(event) => {
setPlacement(event.target.value);
}}
variant="standard"
slotProps={{
select: {
native: true,
inputProps: {
'aria-labelledby': 'scroll-playground-placement-label',
},
},
inputLabel: {
id: 'scroll-playground-placement-label',
},
}}
>
<option value="top-start">top-start</option>
<option value="top">top</option>
<option value="top-end">top-end</option>
<option value="left-start">left-start</option>
<option value="left">left</option>
<option value="left-end">left-end</option>
<option value="right-start">right-start</option>
<option value="right">right</option>
<option value="right-end">right-end</option>
<option value="bottom-start">bottom-start</option>
<option value="bottom">bottom</option>
<option value="bottom-end">bottom-end</option>
</TextField>
</Grid>
<Grid size={6}>
<FormControlLabel
control={
<Switch
checked={disablePortal}
onChange={(event) => {
setDisablePortal(event.target.checked);
}}
value="disablePortal"
/>
}
label="Disable portal"
/>
<Typography
variant="caption"
sx={{ display: 'block', color: 'text.secondary' }}
>
(the children stay within their parent DOM hierarchy)
</Typography>
</Grid>
</Grid>
<Grid size={12}>
<Typography variant="h6" component="div">
Modifiers (options from Popper.js)
</Typography>
</Grid>
<Grid container spacing={1} size={12}>
<Grid size={6}>
<FormGroup>
<Typography variant="subtitle1">Prevent Overflow</Typography>
<FormControlLabel
control={
<Switch
checked={preventOverflow.enabled}
onChange={(event) => {
setPreventOverflow((old) => ({
...old,
enabled: event.target.checked,
}));
}}
value="arrow"
/>
}
label="Enable"
/>
<FormControlLabel
control={
<Switch
checked={preventOverflow.altAxis}
onChange={(event) => {
setPreventOverflow((old) => ({
...old,
altAxis: event.target.checked,
}));
}}
value="alt-axis"
/>
}
label="Alt axis"
/>
<FormControlLabel
control={
<Switch
checked={preventOverflow.altBoundary}
onChange={(event) => {
setPreventOverflow((old) => ({
...old,
altBoundary: event.target.checked,
}));
}}
value="alt-boundary"
/>
}
label="Alt Boundary"
/>
<FormControlLabel
control={
<Switch
checked={preventOverflow.tether}
onChange={(event) => {
setPreventOverflow((old) => ({
...old,
tether: event.target.checked,
}));
}}
value="tether"
/>
}
label="Tether"
/>
<TextField
margin="dense"
size="small"
label="Root Boundary"
select
value={preventOverflow.rootBoundary}
onChange={(event) => {
setPreventOverflow((old) => ({
...old,
rootBoundary: event.target.value,
}));
}}
variant="standard"
slotProps={{
select: {
native: true,
inputProps: {
'aria-labelledby':
'scroll-playground-prevent-overflow-root-boundary',
},
},
inputLabel: {
id: 'scroll-playground-prevent-overflow-root-boundary',
},
}}
>
<option value="document">document</option>
<option value="viewport">viewport</option>
</TextField>
</FormGroup>
</Grid>
<Grid size={6}>
<FormGroup>
<Typography variant="subtitle1">Flip</Typography>
<FormControlLabel
control={
<Switch
checked={flip.enabled}
onChange={(event) => {
setFlip((old) => ({
...old,
enabled: event.target.checked,
}));
}}
value="enabled"
/>
}
label="Enable"
/>
<FormControlLabel
control={
<Switch
checked={flip.altBoundary}
onChange={(event) => {
setFlip((old) => ({
...old,
altBoundary: event.target.checked,
}));
}}
value="alt-boundary"
/>
}
label="Alt Boundary"
/>
<TextField
margin="dense"
size="small"
label="Root Boundary"
select
value={flip.rootBoundary}
onChange={(event) => {
setFlip((old) => ({
...old,
rootBoundary: event.target.value,
}));
}}
variant="standard"
slotProps={{
select: {
native: true,
inputProps: {
'aria-labelledby': 'scroll-playground-flip-root-boundary',
},
},
inputLabel: {
id: 'scroll-playground-flip-root-boundary',
},
}}
>
<option value="document">document</option>
<option value="viewport">viewport</option>
</TextField>
</FormGroup>
<FormGroup>
<Typography variant="subtitle1">Arrow</Typography>
<FormControlLabel
control={
<Switch
checked={arrow}
onChange={(event) => {
setArrow(event.target.checked);
}}
value="arrow"
/>
}
label="Enable"
/>
</FormGroup>
</Grid>
</Grid>
</Grid>
<HighlightedCode code={jsx} language="jsx" />
</Box>
);
}
Virtual element
The value of the anchorEl prop can be a reference to a fake DOM element.
You need to create an object shaped like the VirtualElement.
Highlight part of the text to see the popper:
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nullam ipsum purus, bibendum sit amet vulputate eget, porta semper ligula. Donec bibendum vulputate erat, ac fringilla mi finibus nec. Donec ac dolor sed dolor porttitor blandit vel vel purus. Fusce vel malesuada ligula. Nam quis vehicula ante, eu finibus est. Proin ullamcorper fermentum orci, quis finibus massa. Nunc lobortis, massa ut rutrum ultrices, metus metus finibus ex, sit amet facilisis neque enim sed neque. Quisque accumsan metus vel maximus consequat. Suspendisse lacinia tellus a libero volutpat maximus.
import * as React from 'react';
import Popper from '@mui/material/Popper';
import type { PopperProps } from '@mui/material/Popper';
import Typography from '@mui/material/Typography';
import Fade from '@mui/material/Fade';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
export default function VirtualElementPopper() {
const [open, setOpen] = React.useState(false);
const [anchorEl, setAnchorEl] = React.useState<PopperProps['anchorEl']>(null);
const previousAnchorElPosition = React.useRef<DOMRect>(undefined);
React.useEffect(() => {
if (anchorEl) {
if (typeof anchorEl === 'object') {
previousAnchorElPosition.current = anchorEl.getBoundingClientRect();
} else {
previousAnchorElPosition.current = anchorEl().getBoundingClientRect();
}
}
}, [anchorEl]);
const handleClose = () => {
setOpen(false);
};
const handleMouseUp = () => {
const selection = window.getSelection();
// Resets when the selection has a length of 0
if (!selection || selection.anchorOffset === selection.focusOffset) {
handleClose();
return;
}
const getBoundingClientRect = () => {
if (selection.rangeCount === 0 && previousAnchorElPosition.current) {
setOpen(false);
return previousAnchorElPosition.current;
}
return selection.getRangeAt(0).getBoundingClientRect();
};
setOpen(true);
setAnchorEl({ getBoundingClientRect });
};
const id = open ? 'virtual-element-popper' : undefined;
return (
<div onMouseLeave={handleClose}>
<Typography aria-describedby={id} onMouseUp={handleMouseUp}>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nullam ipsum purus,
bibendum sit amet vulputate eget, porta semper ligula. Donec bibendum
vulputate erat, ac fringilla mi finibus nec. Donec ac dolor sed dolor
porttitor blandit vel vel purus. Fusce vel malesuada ligula. Nam quis
vehicula ante, eu finibus est. Proin ullamcorper fermentum orci, quis finibus
massa. Nunc lobortis, massa ut rutrum ultrices, metus metus finibus ex, sit
amet facilisis neque enim sed neque. Quisque accumsan metus vel maximus
consequat. Suspendisse lacinia tellus a libero volutpat maximus.
</Typography>
<Popper
id={id}
open={open}
anchorEl={anchorEl}
transition
placement="bottom-start"
>
{({ TransitionProps }) => (
<Fade {...TransitionProps} timeout={350}>
<Paper>
<Typography sx={{ p: 2 }}>The content of the Popper.</Typography>
</Paper>
</Fade>
)}
</Popper>
</div>
);
}
Supplementary projects
For more advanced use cases you might be able to take advantage of:
material-ui-popup-state
The package material-ui-popup-state that takes care of popper state for you in most cases.
import Typography from '@mui/material/Typography';
import Button from '@mui/material/Button';
import Popper from '@mui/material/Popper';
import PopupState, { bindToggle, bindPopper } from 'material-ui-popup-state';
import Fade from '@mui/material/Fade';
import Paper from '@mui/material/Paper';
export default function PopperPopupState() {
return (
<PopupState variant="popper" popupId="demo-popup-popper">
{(popupState) => (
<div>
<Button variant="contained" {...bindToggle(popupState)}>
Toggle Popper
</Button>
<Popper {...bindPopper(popupState)} transition>
{({ TransitionProps }) => (
<Fade {...TransitionProps} timeout={350}>
<Paper>
<Typography sx={{ p: 2 }}>The content of the Popper.</Typography>
</Paper>
</Fade>
)}
</Popper>
</div>
)}
</PopupState>
);
}
API
See the documentation below for a complete reference to all of the props and classes available to the components mentioned here.